zh-tw:everplast:plastic_materials:pvc
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zh-tw:everplast:plastic_materials:pvc [2019/08/13 06:07] – 建立 jonathan_tsai | zh-tw:everplast:plastic_materials:pvc [2019/09/27 23:37] (current) – jonathan_tsai | ||
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====== PVC (聚氯乙烯) ====== | ====== PVC (聚氯乙烯) ====== | ||
- | ===== Discovery ===== | ||
- | PVC was accidentally synthesized in 1872 by German chemist Eugen Baumann. The polymer appeared as a white solid inside a flask of vinyl chloride that had been left exposed to sunlight. In the early 20th century the Russian chemist Ivan Ostromislensky and Fritz Klatte of the German chemical company Griesheim-Elektron both attempted to use PVC in commercial products, but difficulties in processing the rigid, sometimes brittle polymer thwarted their efforts. Waldo Semon and the B.F. Goodrich Company developed a method in 1926 to plasticize PVC by blending it with various additives. The result was a more flexible and more easily processed material that soon achieved widespread commercial use. | ||
+ | 聚氯乙烯(口語:聚乙烯醇,乙烯基; | ||
- | ===== Reference URL ===== | + | PVC有兩種基本形式:剛性(有時縮寫為RPVC)和柔性。PVC的剛性形式用於管道和型材應用(例如門窗)的結構。它還用於製造瓶子,非食品包裝,食品覆蓋床單,和卡片(如銀行或會員卡)。通過添加增塑劑可以使其更柔軟和更柔韌,最廣泛使用的是鄰苯二甲酸酯。在這種形式中,它還用於管道,電纜絕緣,仿皮革,地板,標牌,留聲機唱片,充氣產品,以及許多替代橡膠的應用。用棉布或亞麻布製成帆布。 |
- | * https:// | + | |
+ | 純聚氯乙烯是白色脆性固體。它不溶於醇,但微溶於四氫呋喃。 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== 發現 ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | PVC是由德國化學家 Eugen Baumann 於 1872 年偶然合成的。聚合物在氯乙烯燒瓶內暴露在陽光下時顯示為白色固體。20世紀初,德國化學公司 Griesheim-Elektron 的俄羅斯化學家 Ivan Ostromislensky 和 Fritz Klatte 都試圖在商業產品中使用 PVC ,但加工的剛性以及有時出現的脆性聚合物阻礙了他們努力的成果。 Waldo Semon 和 BF Goodrich 公司於 1926 年開發出一種塑化方法 PVC 與各種添加劑混合。結果出現更靈活和更容易加工的材料, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== 特性 ===== | ||
+ | * PVC 粉 : 分子量 K55-77、黏數 73-156 mL/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | * U-PVC 無增塑 : 可塑劑 0 phr | ||
+ | * 硬質 PVC : 可塑劑 0-5 phr ((分子量 K65 來生產硬管)) | ||
+ | * 半硬 PVC : 可塑劑 6-40 phr | ||
+ | * 軟質 PVC : 可塑劑 >40 phr ((100g PVC 粉要加上 40g以上的可塑劑)) ((分子量 K55-58)) | ||
+ | |||
+ | * PVC 塑化溫度高, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== PVC 安定劑 ==== | ||
+ | * 熱安定劑 | ||
+ | * 光安定劑 | ||
+ | * 抗氧化劑 | ||
+ | |||
+ | * 目前都是使用綜合安定劑, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== PVC 滑劑 ==== | ||
+ | * 內滑 : 減少 PVC 分子間作用力 | ||
+ | * | ||
+ | * 外滑 : 減少熔體與加工設備之間的摩擦力 | ||
+ | * 光澤度 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== PVC 可塑劑 ==== | ||
+ | * 大豆油 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== 參考網址 ===== | ||
+ | * https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// | ||
+ | * [[https:// |
zh-tw/everplast/plastic_materials/pvc.1565676466.txt.gz · Last modified: 2019/08/13 06:07 by jonathan_tsai